УДК 339.137.2+339.5:338.43

Л. А. Мустафаєва, А. О. Босак
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

МІЖНАРОДНА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ
АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ:
ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ БАЗИС І ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ

© Мустафаєва Л. А., Босак А. О., 2016

Визначено основні фактори конкурентоспроможності аграрної продукції вітчиз¬няних підприємств на міжнародному ринку. Враховано основні положення класичних і неокласичних теорій міжнародної торгівлі щодо визначення конкурентних переваг аграр¬ного секатору. На основі відкритих статистичних джерел проаналізовано тенденції і динаміку виробництва та експорту сільськогосподарських культур та визначено основні напрямки розвитку галузі з урахуванням чинників внутрішньорегіонального і глобального впливу. Сформовано пропозиції щодо удосконалення системи підготовки спеціалістів аграрного сектору та реформування системи державного управління галуззю.
Ключові слова: міжнародна конкурентоспроможність, сільське господарство, аграрний сектор, конкуренті переваги, чинники попиту і пропозиції, суміжні і підтримувальні галузі.

L. A. Mustafaieva, A. O. Bosak
Lviv Polytechnic National University

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: THEORETICAL BASIS
AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS

© Mustafaieva L. A., Bosak A. O., 2016

Place in global market and role in international division of labor is important for every national economy. An important element of development of the country is structure of public production sector, through which the economy is gaining new capacities and expanding its operation prospects in the international market. Overall, the national economy is defined as a single integrated system of relationships between economic actors, a set of economic sectors and industries aimed at improving the welfare of the population. Currently, the agricultural sector of Ukraine is the main source of foreign currency earnings through the export of agricultural products. This situation is caused by the drop in production in steel and chemical industries, which traditionally were leaders of exports. The development of agriculture in Ukraine is spontaneous and export growth is based purely on price competition. In order for domestic producers of agricultural products to be competitive in the global market in the long term, new technologies should be developed, but also the conceptual basis of the industry at the state level should be created. The relevance of the study follows from the need to develop the theoretical basis of the strategic concept of agricultural development in Ukraine, and creation of effective tools to protect the domestic market and the expansion of its own agricultural products on the global market.
To determine the factors of the international competitiveness of agricultural sector of Ukraine, in the article the following objectives have been achieved: studied international competitiveness theory and international trade theory; studied the factors shaping the international competitiveness of the products of the agricultural sector and evaluated their impact in terms of Ukraine; conducted a statistical analysis of production and export of agricultural products in Ukraine in terms of areas and product groups; formed directions of agricultural sector of Ukraine and identified the strengths and weaknesses of its export potential.
Agriculture is the traditional manufacturing sector and, therefore, best meets the laws of classical political economy, a huge contribution to the development of which have been made by Karl Heinrich Marx, David Ricardo, Adam Smith, A. Marshall, John Stuart Mill, William Petty, François Quesnay, and others. They proclaimed the idea of natural order and the effect of economic laws. Important contributions to the formation of theoretical basis of the international competitiveness of the agricultural products also have been made by John Maynard Keynes, Joseph Alois Schumpeter, Michael E. Porter, Sir John Richard Hicks, Paul Anthony Samuelson.
Although Ukraine is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of agricultural products, agricultural sector may face significant challenges in the further development due to the decline of its own machinery, lack of technical innovation, financial resources and more.
The impact of various negative factors on the agricultural sector of Ukraine stimulates the search for alternative solutions aimed at eliminating the problems. For solving the problem of increasing competitiveness of the agricultural products in domestic and foreign markets, it is needed to develop a strategy of balanced development of agricultural enterprises, which will focus on the production of innovative high quality products. In particular: encouraging foreign investors, implementing new production technologies and upgrading material and technical bases, reducing the regulatory pressure on the agricultural sector, preserving tax benefits and monitoring their provision, amalgamating or eliminating inefficient companies, focus on world prices, solving the logistics problem, searching for and developing new markets, improving the competitiveness of small and medium-sized farms, improving the system of training specialists and so on.
Key words: international competitiveness, agriculture, agricultural sector, competitive advantages, factors of supply and demand, related and supporting industries.

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